ABSTRACT
Objectives: The study aims to determine the influence of the efficiency of the cervical cancer program on the budget execution during the COVID-19 pandemic years 2020- 2021. Method(s): Estimating the screened women and using a micro-costing analysis to estimate the cost of treating precancerous lesions and cervical cancer in the pandemic and a non-pandemic scenario during 2020 -2021. Finally, the estimation of the budget execution for the cervical cancer program led by the Ministry of Health in the pandemic and non-pandemic scenarios. The estimation in the study was through two scenarios determined, the pandemic and non-pandemic scenarios during the years 2020 and 2021. After that, it was determined the number of screened and non-screened women. The next step was the cost estimation of the low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and cervical cancer at different stages. Therefore, this information is necessary for the Peruvian Ministry of Health to provide healthcare services to patients who did not get screened in the years 2020 and 2021. Result(s): The non-pandemic scenario would be spent USD 33,547,185 and USD 37,428,997 in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Conversely, in the pandemic scenario, spent USD 9,934,440 and USD 23,762,073 by 2020 and 2021. Therefore, by 2020 must be spent 68.7% of the budget, but only had been spent 20.3%. Moreover, in 2021, only 46.7% of the budget was spent when it should be 73.6% of the total budget. Therefore, USD 39,496,476 and USD 27,114,114 were not executed in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Conclusion(s): A total of USD 66,610,590 was the non-executed budget for the cervical program and needs to be reallocated in the following years to provide healthcare services to the women who did not get access to screening and treatment.Copyright © 2023
ABSTRACT
Within the multiple urban-rural interactions that make up the territorial dynamics, this article addresses and identifies how mobility relations are produced between neighbouring municipalities that share services. The aim of this research is to carry out a diagnosis of the current mobility situation in an area of low population density in order to identify the needs and possible shortcomings in this area. The initial identification of weaknesses is essential in order to propose solutions for rural mobility. The methodology adopted is based on two distinct lines of work: (1) analysis of information in open data from public repositories using geographic information system tools (GIS), and (2) surveys of citizens living in the study area. The results allude to the fact that the most transcendental problem in the study area is the lack of a quality collective public transport service that meets minimum utility requirements for users, a fact that generates a transfer towards the use of private vehicles. No serious parking, noise, pollution or road safety problems are observed;however, similar dynamics to other rural areas with low demographic density are confirmed, such as the age of the mobile fleet and an aging population with accessibility problems. The presence of new modes of transport (electric bicycles, personal mobility vehicles, and even electric vehicles) is practically insignificant. Both teleworking and the new consumer habits associated with online shopping have not yet had a strong impact. Political decision making by public administrations is identified as a direct application of this research.
ABSTRACT
The study emphasizes the impact of digital technological mediation on the permanence of high school students from the analysis of the pedagogical strategies adopted by Secretaria de Estado de Educacao e Desporto do Amazonas (SEDUC/AM), in the period of no presential classes, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, and in face of the gradual returning to the presential classes. It results from a survey of SEDUC's official documents, emphasizing the Home Lesson Project (remote education) and the Return to Classroom Plan (hybrid education). After analysis, it is considered that the Amazonas State has presented innovative initiatives in offering educational content. However, data points that about 45.85% of the high school students were without access to no presential classes. It evidences that if the democratization of technological resources to students isn't considered or if it is dissociated from the practice of remote education, it will happen an expansion of the problems that we already experience in the presential classes in public school.